Aortic Dissection Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Aortic Dissection - Research Paper Example Different people whine of brevity of breath, arm and leg torments, shortcoming and loss of cognizance. In the event that corridors providing the heart are influenced, it might bring about coronary episode. On the off chance that the corridors providing blood to the mind are influenced the patient may endure a stroke. Finding of aortic dismemberment incorporates a total assessment of circulatory strain, heart, and heartbeats. An electrocardiogram might be utilized to show confusions of the dismemberment. X-beams might be utilized to show developed aorta. Be that as it may, x-beam and ECG may neglect to show aortic dismemberment. The most productive and as often as possible utilized tests to analyze aortic analyzation incorporate a processed tomography examine, transesophageal echocardiogram, and attractive reverberation imaging. In this manner, exact determination of the condition is basic for decreasing the death paces of patients confronting aortic dismemberment. The objectives of r ewarding a patient determined to have aortic dismemberment are to control the group, see if the fixing the tear may profit the patient and rewarding some other related entanglements. The tear can be constrained by decreasing the pulse however much as could reasonably be expected. Different meds are accessible to diminish circulatory strain and lower pulse. Such blockers incorporate diltiazem and verapamil. In light of the assessment of the patient, careful treatment might be thought of. Prompt medical procedure might be considered for a patient determined to have type An analyzation. For type B analyzation, clinical treatment is generally thought of and careful treatment isn't suggested.

Fundraising Event Project Management †Free Sample Assignment

Question: Examine about the Fundraising Event Project Management. Answer: Task presentation The task includes a gathering pledges occasion sorted out by Help-Big Company on the side of vagrants from one of the beneficent associations. Help-Big organizations have been in presence for a long time connecting with itself with gathering pledges, assembly and limit building exercises. The raising support occasion for both nearby and worldwide visitors will be a one day occasion yet composed, and anticipated a time of a quarter of a year. Assets got from the occasion will be given to the altruistic association. Task scope the executives It covers venture destinations, achievements, specialized necessities, cutoff points and prohibitions, and audit of client (Barker 2014. p.34). Task raising support objective. To sort out a one day raising support occasion in help of vagrants for a magnanimous association to be hung on 5/08/2016 for a financial plan of $ 830. Task raising support expectations The task expectations incorporate; scene ID, visitors sourcing, solicitations, materials sourcing, formal compliances, and government assistance. Occasion achievements Achievements characterize venture exercises timetables (Burke 2013, p.34). The raising support occasion achievements will incorporate three months exercises: 1/05/16-Formation of gathering pledges board 5/05/16-Pre-occasion introductory arranging 7/05/16-Formal consistence and setting chasing 19/05/16 to 29/05/16-Sourcing for fundamental and different visitors 2/06/16-Printing of greeting cards 15/06/16-Publicity and giving of greeting cards 1/07/16-Evaluation of re-appropriating specialist co-ops 20/07/16-Sourcing for occasion materials 3/08/16-Eve-day arrangements 5/08/16-Fundraising occasion execution 6/08/16-Fundraising occasion conclusion Specialized prerequisites It will cover prerequisites of around 180 missions. Necessities will comprises of stationaries, sound frameworks (3 speakers 2 receivers), suppers, rewards, 200 printed greeting cards, and, arranged setting enrichments. Different necessities will be spoken to by specialized help group of 5 attendants and an ace of function. Cutoff points and rejections The rewards and daytime supper will be given to the visitors. Transport and convenience will be avoided from the occasion spending plan. Others will be redistributed seriously this will incorporate providing food occasion coordinators and ace of service. Audit with client The Help-Big venture group will audit with the magnanimous association delegates on venture exercises and occasions. Both will consent to in arrangement. Undertaking manager..sign..dat.. Undertaking client..sign..date.. Undertaking need network The need grid gives supports of triple three requirements of an undertaking. Task administrators can utilize the need network to settle on choice with respect to extend (Chandra 2014, p.123). Table 1 shows raising support venture need network. Table 1 Fundraising need network Things Time Execution Expenses Limitation Improve Acknowledge Table 1 shows that: Costs are imperatives to gathering pledges venture it implies that the undertaking group need to utilize restricted assets to empower raise reserves. In spite of the fact that expenses can't be wiped out the venture group should improve the expenses. To empower the occasion to be fruitful the whole venture exercises should be upgraded this is by improving execution (Kezner 2013, p. 24). The accessible time for raising support occasion is short, and task group must acknowledge that they don't have adequate time, and guarantee determined achievements are accomplished (Schmidt 2014, p.23). Work breakdown structure WBS is a valuable apparatus in apportioning assets and time (Berkun 2013, p. 34). The raising money venture is booked and partitioned to work bundles. Figure 1 gathering pledges WBS. Figure 1 gathering pledges WBS Level 1-it will be a one day occasion and it will cover raising support arranging, sorting out, execution and conclusion. Level 11-it comprises of venture expectations of scene readiness, sourcing of visitors, sourcing for materials, government assistance administrations, lawful and formal consistence, and exposure and solicitations. Level III-it comprises of venture work bundles which incorporate task exercises Site determination it will include visiting different settings and assessing them to have the option to recognize the most proper scene as far as offices and supporting administrations. Setting booking-after fitting scene has been recognized appointments will be done and that will empower the coordinators to get ready for it. Scene adornment an occasion sorting out firm will be redistributed to encourage course of action and design of the setting. Visitor gatherings and visits-pre visit gatherings will be done so as to guarantee that the individuals who can't go to the raising support day can contribute ahead of time. Ringing universal visitors and sending greeting cards-this is to furnish correspondence with outside visitors to guarantee their participation. Writing material sourcing-it is a will include purchasing writing material that will be utilized during greeting and enrollment of visitors. Enhancement sourcing-it will include purchasing materials and things that will be utilized by re-appropriated specialist organization to enhance the scene. Sound framework sourcing-that will be utilized by ace of service, and visitor for correspondence during the capacity. Cooking specialist organizations sourcing and purchasing nourishments rewards assessment will be held to distinguish a serious providing food specialist organization who will help in serving dinner and rewards to visitors. Sourcing of ace of function assessment will be done to source a serious ace of service who will direct the event. Consistence of natural angles will include looking for formal enactments on issues with respect to condition the executives. Looking for nearby and different licenses that will guarantee that rules and guidelines are followed and no stoppages are made during the occasion day (Clark 2012, p.67). Preparing ushers-who will help as guide during the astounding day, they will help giving headings and inviting visitors to the setting. Media promoting the occasion will be communicated in different media to make consciousness of the gathering pledges occasions and draw in more crowds (Verzuh 2013, p.24). Printing greeting cards-cards will be printed before enough and sent to particular visitor for solicitations. Venture conclusion occasion where the procedure from the gathering pledges is given over. Quotes It conceals the base, top-down gauge and time staged appraisals Base up and top-base appraisals: Table 2 shows a synopsis of both top-base assessments Table 2 Bottom-up quotes. S/N Portrayals UNIT COST $ QTY Complete COST $ 1. Calling cards 0.1 100 10 2. Visiting nearby visitors 10 10 visitors 100 3. Lawfulness consistence - - 20 4. Print media - - 150 5. Printing cards 0.025 200 5 6. Booking scene - - 40 7. Postage for cards 0.06 100 6 8. Writing material purchasing - 5 5 9. Enhancement purchasing - - 10 10. Employing mouthpieces 2.5 2 5 11. Employing expert of service 90 1 90 12. Employing cooking specialist organization 150 - 150 13. Purchasing reward 0.1 200 visitors 20 14. Purchasing dinners 0.15 200 visitor 30 15. Visitor updates calling cards 0.18 50 cards 9 16. Employing noisy speakers 5 - 10 17. Preparing ushers 10 4 40 18. Media sound - - 60 19. Employing of specialist 1 30 40 20. Random cost - - 30 Aggregates 830 Top down evaluations The top-down gauge depends on allot technique done hypothetically utilizing the WBS. The distribute top-down gauge follows a procedure where evaluations are separated to work bundles and allotted assessments (Bigelow 2016, p.46). The absolute quote for the whole occasion will be $830, which is additionally separated into three levels. The commencement level will contain 52.4% of the absolute financial plan a sum of $415, sorting out and arranging will speak to a sum of 38.1% which is $150, and occasion execution will comprise of 9.5% expense of the complete gauge of $12. The financial plan is distributed from venture objective, arranging, execution, and conclusion. Time staged gauge. The time staged gauge depends on calendars of different undertaking exercises (Bigelow 2016, p.46). Figure 3 shows the time stage gauge. Figure 3 Time stage spending plan Figure 2 shows costs diminishing from inception to execution and conclusion. The time stage gauge is readied, first to go about as an arranging device where task group can assign assets as indicated by timeframe. Furthermore, it shows the progression of exercises which will go about as a cost control graph for booked exercises (Bigelow 2016, p.730). References Barker, S. (2014). Splendid task the executives: the best undertaking administrators, London: UK, Pearson distributers. Berkun, S. (2013). Getting things going: acing venture the executives, London: UK, Pearson distributers. Bigelow, C. (2016). List of sources on venture arranging and control by organize investigation. Tasks Research, Vol. 10(5), 728-731. Burke, R. (2013).Project administration: arranging and control strategies. New Jersey: USA. Clark, J (2012). Task the board light, New York: USA, PMP distributers. Chandra, P. (2014) Project arranging, determination and execution, New Delhi: India, Pearson distributers. Kerzner, H. R. (2013).Project administration: a frameworks way to deal with arranging, planning, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Schmidt, T (2014). Vital undertaking oversee

Jeremy Bentham : Father of Utilitarianism Essays -- Ethics Morals Phi

Survey the benefits of Utilitarianism (24 Marks) Utilitarianism is a hypothesis planned for characterizing one basic premise that can be applied when settling on any moral choice. It depends on a human’s common impulse to look for delight and maintain a strategic distance from torment. Jeremy Bentham is generally viewed as the dad of utilitarianism. He was conceived in 1748 into a group of attorneys and was himself, preparing to join the calling. During this procedure in any case, he got disappointed by the state British law was in and embarked to change the framework into an ideal one dependent on the ‘Greatest Happiness Principle,’ ‘the thought that pleasurable results are what qualify an activity as being ethically good’. Bentham saw that we are totally represented by agony and joy; we as a whole normally plan to look for delight and keep away from torment. He at that point concluded that the best good guideline for overseeing our lives is one which utilizes this, the ‘Greatest Happiness Principle.’ This is the measure of generally speaking satisfaction or misery that is brought about by an activity ought to decide if an activity is correct or wrong. He expressed, ‘the most prominent joy of each one of those whose intrigue is being referred to is the privilege and legitimate, and just right and appropriate finish of human action’ Here Bentham is stating that the rule is the main legitimate of choosing and advocating our activities, that the standard ought to be applied paying little heed to any others, as it is the main valid and dependable method of characterizing whether an activity is correct or wrong. A favorable position of utilitarianism is that it very well may be applied to any circumstance. Not at all like numerous ethical methodologies you are not limited by rules, for example, ‘it is never right to lie,’ or ‘killing is never right.’ This permits the thinker to consider any difficulty or issue in it’s own particular setting. For instance applying Kantian morals, premature birth or willful extermination would need to be characterized as off-base, anyway an utilitarian has the extension to settle on there own choice thinking about a scope of elements and circumstances. Bentham understood that since this hypothesis depends on the result of our activities it might be hard to survey decently which activity will create the most joy. He consequently built up the ‘hedonistic calculus’, a type of ascertaining the satisfaction coming about because of a demonstration by evaluating 7 unique variables of the joy delivered, for example, force and term. In doing this Bentham was endeavoring to make a ... ...ilitarianism, similar to some other ‘list of rules’ way to deal with profound quality can not be right in specific circumstances and urges individuals to indiscriminately keep rules. Utilitarianism is a reality, not only a hypothesis like numerous different ways of thinking; it is rehearsed each day, for example the vote framework. This progressing practice of utilitarianism in the public eye has show that it is defective. Because the majority vote in favor of something, doesn’t make it right. The majority can be tricked, as in Nazi Germany for instance, a great many individuals were behind Hitler despite the fact that his activities were unquestionably insidious. Utilitarianism is a coherent framework, yet it requires a type of fundamental, firm principles to forestall such gross treacheries, infringement of human rights, and just clearly wrong thing ever being permitted. This could be the ‘harm principle’ which Mill contrived. ‘Acts of whatever sort, which, without reasonable reason, do damage to other people, might be, and in the more significant cases totally require to be, constrained by the negative assessments, and, when needful, by the dynamic impedance of humankind. The freedom of the individual must be so far restricted; he should not make himself an annoyance to other people.’

7 freedom fighter Essay

Netaji as he was called was an exceptionally unmistakable figure in the Indian opportunity battle. His sole point was the opportunity of his nation and he named it as a need and didnt concur with Gandhiji on the footing that it very well may be arranged. He was knowledgeable and accepted that there ought to be finished bigotry for position separation, prejudice or strict detachment. His was so dynamic in the Indian National Congress that he was captured a few times by the British Government. Before long he understood that universal sponsorship was an absolute necessity for Indias opportunity and consequently began gathering pioneers from Japan, Italy, and Germany who were against the British powers in the World War 2. He even met Mussolini and Hitler at various occasions. He was totally against the prejudice that The tyrants spread yet he valued the control and solidarity of their men. It was on Hitlers Suggestion that he went to Japan and shaped the Indian National Army and began th e Campaign ËœChallo Dilli which however fizzled, wasnt enough to break his soul. The Slogan ËœJai Hind was additionally given by him which despite everything wins. Bhagat Singh See increasingly: Satirical article about medications A progressive who was raised in the devoted environment, Shaheed Bhagat Singh, where Shaheed implies ËœMartyr, from a youthful age all he at any point envisioned was of seeing his nation free. He met Rajguru and Sukhdev who shared his considerations and together they battled a few guerrilla wars battling and revolting each British law that was against the regular folks and furthermore against the privilege of mankind. The Jallianwalla Baugh Massacre is one such case of the pioneer savagery. He even shot bombs inside the Assembly lobby yelling trademarks of ËœInqualab Zindabad( Independence Prevails) to rebel against two laws-Å"Trade Union Dispute Bill  and Å"Public Safety Bill . Each of the three were captured and hanged to death. Their demise, rather than hushing the individuals, really went about as impetus that lighted the fire inside individuals as even while leaving every one of the three continued articulating Å" Sar Kata Sakte Hai deface, Sar Zhuka Sakte Nahi  ( We can have our heads hacked however not bowed). Chandrasekhar Azad Chandra Shekhar Azad articulation (help ·info) (23 July 1906 27 February 1931), famously known as Azad (Å"The Liberated ), was an Indian progressive who redesigned the Hindustan Republican Association under the new name of Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) after the demise of its organizer, Ram Prasad Bismil, and three other noticeable gathering pioneers, Roshan Singh, Rajendra Nath Lahiri and Ashfaqulla Khan. He is viewed as the tutor of Bhagat Singh and boss specialist of the HSRA.Ram prasad Bismil Smash Prasad Bismil Smash Prasad Bismil About this sound elocution (help ·info) (11 June 1897 19 December 1927) was an Indian progressive who took an interest in Mainpuri intrigue of 1918, and the Kakori scheme of 1925, and battled against British government. Just as being a political dissident, he was additionally an enthusiastic writer and wrote in Hindi and Urdu utilizing the nom de plumes Ram, Agyat and Bismil. Be that as it may, he got well known with the last name Å"Bismil  as it were. He was related with Arya Samaj where he got motivation from Satyarth Prakash, a book composed by Swami Dayanand Saraswati. He likewise had a classified association with Lala Har Dayal through his master Swami Somdev, an evangelist of Arya Samaj. Bismil was one of the originator individuals from the progressive association Hindustan Republican Association. Bhagat Singh commended him[1][2] as an extraordinary artist essayist of Urdu and Hindi, who had additionally deciphered the books Catherine from English and Bolshevikon Ki Kartoot from Bengali. A few motivating energetic sections are ascribed to him; these incorporate the sonnet Sarfaroshi ki Tamanna, in spite of the fact that that is in some cases likewise said to be crafted by Å"Bismil  Azimabadi of Patna.Surya Sen Surya Sen (Bengali: à ¦ ¸Ã  §â€šÃ  ¦ °Ã  § Ã  ¦ ¯ à ¦ ¸Ã  §â€¡Ã  ¦ ¨) (22 March 1894 12 January 1934) was a Bengali freedom warrior (contrary to British guideline) who is noted for driving the 1930 Chittagong arsenal assault In Chittagong of Bengal in British India (presently in Bangladesh). Sen was a teacher by calling and was famously called as Master Da (Å"da  is a postfix in Bengali language signifying senior sibling). He was affected by the patriot standards in 1916, when he was an understudy of B.A. in Behrampore College.[1] In 1918 he was chosen as leader of Indian National Congress, Chittagong branch. Madan Lal Dhingra Madan Lal Dhingra (18831909) was an Indian progressive opportunity fighter.[1] While concentrating in England, he killed Sir William Hutt Curzon Wyllie,[2] a British authority, hailed Early life Dhingra Studied at Amritsar in MB Intermediate school up-till 1900 and afterward went to Lahore to concentrate in Government College Lahore. In 1904 he drove an understudy challenge the principals request to have school jacket made out of imported material from England. He was tossed out of school. Around then he was Student of Masters of Art. He was affected by Nationalist Movement of Swadeshi. He profoundly contemplated the writing concerning the reason for Indian Poverty and starvations, as answer for these issues Swaraj and Swadeshi became key issues. At that point Dhingra needed to fill in as an agent, at Kalka in A Tonga Service being run for British familys transport to Shimla Tonga (horse-driven truck) puller, and a manufacturing plant worker. Dhingra endeavored to compose an association there, however was sacked. He worked for at some point in Mumbai, before following up on the counsel of his senior sibling Dr Bihari Lal and going to England for higher investigations. In 1906, Madan Lal left for England to enlist at University College, London, to examine Mechanical Engineering. He was bolstered by his senior sibling and some patriot activists in England. Udham Singh Udham Singh (26 December 1899 31 July 1940) was an Indian progressive, most popular for killing Michael ODwyer on 13 March 1940 in what has been portrayed as an avenging of the Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre.[1] Singh is a noticeable figure of the Indian freedom battle. He is once in a while alluded to as Shaheed-I-Azam Sardar Udham Singh (the articulation Å"Shaheed-I-Azam,  Urdu: Ø'ù‡ûÅ"ø ¯ Ø §Ã¸ ¹Ã¸ ¸Ã¹â€¦ Ž, implies Å"the extraordinary martyr ). Early life Singh was conceived Sher Singh on 26 December 1899, at Sunam in the Sangrur locale of Punjab, India, to a Kamboj Sikh cultivating family. His dad, Sardar Tehal Singh Jammu (known as Chuhar Singh before taking the Amrit), was a railroad crossing guard in the town of Upalli. His mom passed on in 1901, and his dad in 1907.[2] After his dads demise, Singh and his senior sibling, Mukta Singh, were taken in by the Central Khalsa Orphanage Putlighar in Amritsar. At the halfway house, Singh was controlled the Sikh initiatory rituals and got the name of Udham Singh. He breezed through his registration assessment in 1918 and left the shelter in 1919.

Green Mountain Boys

Green Mountain Boys Green Mountain Boys, popular name of armed bands formed (c.1770) under the auspices of Ethan Allen in the Green Mountains of what is today Vermont. Their purpose was to prevent the New Hampshire Grants , as Vermont was then known, from becoming part of New York, to which it had been awarded by the British. Land speculators, such as Allen and his brothers, and settlers banded together in armed groups to defend their lands. Their methods were threat, intimidation, and actual violence against the New Yorkers, and they managed to keep the region free from New York control, establishing (1777) instead a separate government that ultimately achieved (1791) statehood for Vermont. In the American Revolution the Green Mountain Boys figured prominently in 1775, when, under Allen's leadership, they captured Ticonderoga. In 1777 Seth Warner and John Stark led them to victory at Benningtonâ€"one of the notable achievements of the revolutionaries in the Saratoga campaign. The Columbia Elect ronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History

Green Mountain Boys

Green Mountain Boys Green Mountain Boys, popular name of armed bands formed (c.1770) under the auspices of Ethan Allen in the Green Mountains of what is today Vermont. Their purpose was to prevent the New Hampshire Grants , as Vermont was then known, from becoming part of New York, to which it had been awarded by the British. Land speculators, such as Allen and his brothers, and settlers banded together in armed groups to defend their lands. Their methods were threat, intimidation, and actual violence against the New Yorkers, and they managed to keep the region free from New York control, establishing (1777) instead a separate government that ultimately achieved (1791) statehood for Vermont. In the American Revolution the Green Mountain Boys figured prominently in 1775, when, under Allen's leadership, they captured Ticonderoga. In 1777 Seth Warner and John Stark led them to victory at Benningtonâ€"one of the notable achievements of the revolutionaries in the Saratoga campaign. The Columbia Elect ronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History

Class of 2022 Waitlist Statistics

2018 Is A Mixed Bag For Waitlisted Students Getting waitlisted can be a confusing and stressful admissions outcome for college bound students, and with record-low admission rates and record-high applicant pools, many college waitlists are growing while the chances of admission off the waitlist are hard to predict. Waitlist StatsMany schools reported growing waitlist numbers this spring like Brown University, which placed 2,724 students on the waitlist for the class of 2022, over 150 more students than were admitted to the class – 2,566. The University of Pennsylvania waitlisted almost 3,500 applicantFor the class of 2022, waitlist outcomes have been mixed. While some colleges are working to admit students off the waitlist to round out the incoming freshman class, others have announced they don’t plan to use their waitlist at all. Even with a yield rate of 82%, Harvard still plans to admit some students off the waitlist for the class of 2022. This is a departure from last year, where the school’s record-high yield of 84% meant that the Ivy League institution was unable to take any students off of the waitlist for the class of 2021. Harvard expects to be done with the waitlist by the end of June. While some schools are still utilizing the waitlist to finish building the class of 2022, others aren’t utilizing the waitlist after all. George Washington University announced that for the first time in nine years it wouldn’t be admitting students off of the waitlist for the class of 2022. About 2,000 students accepted a spot on the waitlist this year. In an email to students, Dartmouth College also announced that it will not be accepting and students off of the waitlist for the class of 2022, after admitting 8.7% of applicants this spring. Admitting students off of the waitlist can take anywhere from a couple of weeks to the entire summer. Full waitlist statistics for the class of 2022 won’t be available for some time, but the current numbers are able to give families some insight into how competitive the hyper-selective admissions process is, and how difficult it can be to gain admission off of a waitlist.

Inventory Management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 326 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/09/13 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? 1. Locate a firm that incorporates inventory management. Identify the type of inventory system (fixed order quantity system, fixed order period system, or a hybrid system) it uses. See attachment. This company, the RICH-SEAPACK CORPORATION changed over to the following inventory management system: -ABC, Activity based costing inventory management system. Usually refers to costing method that breaks down overhead costs into specific activities (cost drivers) in order to more accurately distribute the costs in product costing. Has also been applied to customer and vendor management (Source: https://www. inventoryops. com/dictionary. htm#D) (SEE PAGE 1- OF ATTACHED DOCUMENT for description of this firms system). 2. Indicate the type of inventory issues the firm has such as stock out costs, carrying costs, order quantity issues, safety stock and EOQ issue. In your opinion, is their system appropriate for the firm’s business? ABC stratification used to categorize inventory into groups based upon certain activity characteristics. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Inventory Management" essay for you Create order Examples of ABC stratifications would include ABC by velocity (times sold), ABC by sales dollars, ABC by quantity sold / consumed, ABC by average inventory investment, ABC by margin. ABC stratifications are used to develop inventory-planning policies, set count frequencies for cycle counting, slot inventory for optimized order picking, and other inventory management activities. Refer to the document attached, which describes the SPECIFIC inventory management system for RICH-SEAPACK CORPORATION in depth. In my opinion, the chosen inventory management is appropriate for this company. This company is a manufacturing company with 5 main production lines and two minor areas. Each of the five lines has 10-20 different products, which fits well with this model of inventory control systems. In fact, the article explains the company’s rationale for the change to this type of system. The article does not mention the names that you mentioned fixed order quantity system, fixed order period system, or a hybrid system but you probably know which system type would best describe the inventory system employed by RICH-SEAPACK CORPORATION.

In American society, the common stereotype is that the...

In American society, the common stereotype is that the father has the role of the dominant figure in the household. Sylvia Plath and Sharon Olds may come across as two seemingly different poets, however, they are really quite similar, especially in their driving forces behind their writing styles in poetry. The lives of Plath and Olds are both expressive of the realities of a father-dominated family, in which both of these poets lost their fathers at a young age. This is significant because both poets have faced a similar traumatic event that has had everlasting effects on their adult womanhood, which is reflected in their writings. For both these woman, their accesses to father-daughter relationships were denied based on life†¦show more content†¦Both poems make allusions to Greek deities as a metaphor for the common perception that the father is the dominant one in a family. The numerous attempts of the speaker’s infatuation with â€Å"The Colossus† with re storing the fallen statue and Olds’ comparison of alcoholism to the Greek deity, Saturn both vividly symbolize that a father’s decisions whether its life or in death, has its consequences. In, addition it is for a young girl growing up to have a father figure in their lives and how the absence of a father figure can impact a young woman’s life tremendously. Plath touches upon the highs and struggles of her life growing up, such as the tragic loss of her father, which is reflected within her work. Sylvia was confused and angry about her father’s death. Plath expresses her hate for why her father is gone, hence why she became depressed and mentally ill because deep down inside she felt like she could’ve prevented his death. Plath always felt like a victim to the male-dominated society, especially when it came down to her father. In â€Å"The Colossus†, the speaker tries in vain to piece fallen Colossus of Rhodes back together and to make it speak to her. This depicts her broken relationship with her father for which she was trying to piece back together as well. The Colossus was extremely tall statue of the Greek figure Helios. Plath uses this statue to represent aShow MoreRelatedOne Unaccounted For Factor That Is Impacting The Level1445 Words   |  6 Pagesgender as separate entities. Applying the theories of hos tile/benevolent sexism and racism, I argue that analyzing intersections of identities such as race and gender in conjunction, and as interdependent, will provide a clearer picture as to why Americans are less favorable towards redistribution, and specifically welfare. In my analysis I will use a framework that categorizes welfare recipients into four groups: white women, white men, black women, and black men, however because my primary focusRead MoreBreaking through the Barriers Essay1649 Words   |  7 Pagespopular toys. Most likely, females were given a baby doll, and males, an action figure of some sort. From early childhood all the way to late adulthood, Americans are taught the differences between a man and a woman by these small gestures. The theory and concepts surrounding gender vary by culture, but as Americans, most experience some of the same influences. Because of the beliefs and expectations from society, the idea of schema theory imprisons young minds by causing men and women to lookRead MoreThe Conflict Theory Of Deviance In Society1525 Words   |  7 Pages Deviance, behavior that do not match norms, occurs in society. Thus, there exists several theories that help illustrate why deviance occurs in society. An example of on e of the theories is the Conflict Theory. The Conflict Theory stresses the occurrence of conflict, competition, change, and constraint in a society. The Conflict Theory relates to capitalism by linking to race, ethnicity, and crime. The conflict theory also links deviance. The conflict perspective underlines social inequalityRead MoreFast Food Tv Advertising By Carrie Packwood Freeman And Debra Merskin984 Words   |  4 PagesMass media play a significant role in a modern world, by broadcasting information in fast pace and giving entertainment to vast audiences. Through the promotion of the media, people are being manipulated into the construction of gender stereotypes. In the article Having It His Way: The Construction of Masculinity in Fast-Food TV Advertising by Carrie Packwood Freeman and Debra Merskin demonstrates how media shape people’s opinion through a certain object or a food which reinforces masculine identityRead More Comparing the Minority Experience in Baby of the Family, and House on Mango Street1825 Words   |  8 Pagesup in. The life of Lenas family, one of an upper class African American family in t he southern part of the United States, appeals to the ideal of the New American as her family blends the dominant culture with their minority background in their everyday life experiences. Esperanza is a Hispanic youth, growing up in a barrio, where there is not much to offer the Hispanic locals. She ultimately feels the profile the of the New American in her view of attaining a better life, and escaping the suffocatingRead MoreTheme Of Women In Fences1739 Words   |  7 PagesSpencer December 8, 2017 Sexuality and role of women in August Wilson’s Fences In the film Fences by August Wilson, the audience is presented with a country that is fast evolving, with oppression, prejudice, and poverty remaining a common factor. Most scholars argue that sexism is the dominant theme in Wilson’s plays due to the portrayal of female characters occupying the stereotypical, male-fantasized roles of the domestic, powerless, or submissive mother figure rather than an empowered, complexRead MoreForegrounding of Feminism in A Good Man is Hard to Find Essay1237 Words   |  5 PagesGood Man is Hard to Find, by Flannery OConnor, shows a family trip to Florida which end to an unexpected death at the end of the story. In the progression of this story, O’Connor has presented women as naà ¯ve with graceful images. Women are presented as the weaker sex while men are given more importance and powerful roles. In this regard this story can be viewed as feministic point of view. Feminism is self-awareness among women about women’s righ ts on the base of political, social, and economic equalityRead MoreThe Underachievement Of Male And Female Education2612 Words   |  11 PagesThe underachievement of males in society has been a growing problem that is being widely ignored by society. Children are experiencing the most important and emotional part of their lives when they are in school that will leave ever-lasting effects. The success of people as students are not real indicators of how they will do later in life, but it is the confidence and self-esteem that people will remember in their school days that might stay with adults until they realize that it is keeping themRead MoreGender Selection Through Prenatal Diagnosis and Abortion1440 Words   |  6 Pagessorts of practices unethical and immoral and some forms of religion refuse the idea of it. â€Å"The prospect of preconception gender selection appears to pose the conflict—long present in other bioethical issues—between individual desires and t he larger common good. Yet doing so leads to the risk that children will be treated as vehicles of parental satisfaction rather than as ends in themselves, and could accelerate the trend toward negative and even positive selection of offspring characteristics† (RobertsonRead More Gender Inequality in Hollywood Essay2400 Words   |  10 Pages Stereotypes in our society are not uncommon. We come across them every day without realizing it. It is in our human nature to create expectations of the people around us, which could be based upon their ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender or other factors. Stereotypes help us categorize a vast group of people that we may not know anything about, to think that they are smaller and less intimidating. I believe that the blame for these cookie-cutter patterns can lead directly back to the media

Strategic Decision Making Method Analysis - 2120 Words

Introduction Strategic Decision Management (strategic decision-making technique, SDM) is a decision-making method that has been devised by Ronald Howard Professor of Stanford University in the 1960s. It is considered â€Å"decisions are quality (Decision Quality)†, and has the purpose of enhancing the quality of decisions. Strategic decisions are related to the management at the strategic level. The great thing about strategy decision-making method is the method of producing the choices you has cover (Adam Nain, 2012). Strategic management consists of a series of business decision and action that determines the long term performance of a company. Strategic management enables the company to operate in a complex and dynamic environment. In a†¦show more content†¦The following statement is elaborated in this essay, which declares: â€Å"The external environment is so complex and chaotic, the behaviour of individuals so unpredictable, that strategic managers can have little claim to the outcome of a crisis† Discussion According to Manski Neri (2013), an organization acts as a ‘social entity’ where activities are controlled in a systematic manner to meet the definite objectives, with consideration to the external environment; comprising of factors including Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal; which are uncontrollable in nature and must be monitored to supersede the competitors. For an organization to get the sustainable competitive advantage, strategists have promoted that the key components, for example, clients, government and competitors must be concentrated on formulating a powerful corporate methodology, which would help in adjusting the progressions created by these units. Strategic decisions are impressively portrayed as the choices made at corporate level, which incorporate high capital investments with more chances to yield profit, expanded risk, and expanded necessity for flexibility and long run prospects. Strategic decisions are additionally described as the decisions made at functional level, which incorporate usage of suitable techniques at the business and corporate levels, retaining low risk and activity oriented operational issues. Owing to social

Psychological Impact On Substance Abuse Prevention

Psychological Impact According to Federal Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, women are the fastest-growing segment for substance abuse in the United States. About 2.7 million women in the United States abuse drugs or alcohol. Women typically enter rehab sooner than men, but they have more psychological distress, and are more likely to suffer from a mood or anxiety disorder (Liff, 2012). Most research on gender-based differences in addiction treatment has focused on organizational issues (such as the greater need to provide women with child care and employment training) rather than on pharmacology. Where addiction really takes a toll is emotionally and spiritually. When a woman is an alcoholic or addict, it can impact the entire†¦show more content†¦Women are more likely to be diagnosed as having â€Å"borderline personality disorder† (BPD) more often than men. Many of the descriptors of BPD can be viewed differently when one considers a history of childhood and adult abuse. Solutions, Treatments, and Interventions Historically, substance abuse treatment and rehabilitation programs have developed with the primary focus on men. Counselors focused primarily on the addiction and paid little attention to other issues. However, the individual and specialized needs of women and girls have been all but ignored over the years. Recently though, some facilities have begun to develop gender specific treatment programs so women and men can focus on their recovery without interference and distractions from the opposite sex. Gender specific treatment is more than just separating males and females on the basis of sex. It takes into account the unique characteristics of women’s psychological development and needs. Traditional substance abuse programs may not be effective in treating women’s and girl’s substance abuse problems. According to one theory called RCT, females develop a sense of self and self-worth when their actions arise out of, and lead back into, connections with others. Recent gender-specific prevention programs with positive results address stress, depression, social assertiveness, and body image. Other issues include domestic violence, sexual and other types of

Personal Statement Global Media And Communications...

Personal statement My interest in Global Media and Communications programme offered by London School of Economics lies primarily in the opportunity to experience more than a single education environment and, thus, to receive different perspectives on the field, which I find essential in the Global Media expertise. My current degree at King s College London specializing in Comparative Literature with Film Studies gave me a broad understanding of various cultural characteristics and the differences between them, which enforced my enthusiasm in learning more about different cultural contexts in the more practical area of study, which is the reason I chose Global Media and Communications programme. The exchange programme in Hong Kong University focused heavily on the ideas related to this degree. For instance, the module Globalization and Culture introduced me to the processes and mechanisms associated with rapid globalization nowadays, including media and information technologies. My research for the module was focused on the effects of global media and the Internet in relation to the idea of gender rights, which made me realize how powerful media sources can be in making a change in society. Learning about the current issues related to globalization in the environment such as Hong Kong taught me a lot about differences in cultural perceptions, which I am looking forward to learn more about in my further studies. In particular, I am keen on expanding my knowledge onShow MoreRelatedCourse Project Proposal.-the Communication Process and How It Affects Unicef -Malawi.Doc- Final Submission.Doc4782 Words   |  20 PagesLeadership and Organizational Behavior Project Proposal â€Å"The Complex Communication Process in UNICEF- (Malawi Country Office)† Submitted by: Henry N. Neufville, II ID#: D03579081 Cell#: +265-99 9955906/+231-6516690 E-mail: hnneufville@gmail.com Course Title: GM591 Submitted on: 20 August 2010 Submitted to: Prof. Ms. Vicky Boone TABLE OF CONTENT TITLE PAGE NUMBER 1. INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 02 2. PRELIMINARY PROBLEM STETEMENT †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 04 3. LITERATURERead MoreIpads Integrated Marketing Communications Report3018 Words   |  13 PagesContents Introduction 1 Apple’s Integrated Marketing Communications Programme for iPad. 2 Brand Positioning 2 Target Audience 3 Target market and segments 4 Evaluation of the products’ Integrated Marketing Communications plan: 4 Conclusion 7 Recommendations 7 Bibliography 8 Introduction This report will discuss Apple’s Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) Programme for their iPad product and how this is coordinated toRead MoreUnveiling The Hijabist When Faith Meets Fashion1660 Words   |  7 Pagesthis word refers to ‘†¦ to wrap their covering over their chests†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, which points to the modest sartorial style of Muslim women in general. It is important to note that Muslim women in hijab are constantly displayed in both everyday life and various media platforms. As such, donning a hijab becomes the most visible distinction between a Muslim woman and those of other faiths prescribing to Western ideals. The hijab, therefore, acts as the identifying symbol of the Muslim woman. In the last few yearsRead MoreATHE Level 6 Management Specification2 Essay12420 Words   |  50 PagesLearner Entry 16 Unit Specifications 17 Unit Format 17 Leadership and Management 19 Research Project 21 Human Resource Management 23 Strategic Marketing 26 Personal Leadership and Management Development 29 Indicative Content 30 Financial Decision Making for Managers 31 Project Management 35 Programme Leadership 39 Economics for Business 42 Risk Management 44 Strategic Planning 47 Sustainable Business Strategy 52 Managing Quality and Service Delivery 54 Read MoreMarketing Communications Notes17720 Words   |  71 PagesUnit 1 Introduction to IMC 1 Overview In Unit 1 we introduce you to the study of integrated marketing communications. We begin by reviewing the basic communication model, looking at its component parts and applying them within a marketing context. We explore the key components of IMC, assess its value to marketers, and discuss how IMC can be applied in an international marketplace. We address the moral and ethical issues faced by marketers and look at the steps taken by governments and industryRead MoreA Csr Gap Analysis of the Gap2512 Words   |  11 PagesCSR Gap Analysis of the GAP Gap Inc prefaces their 2004/5 CSR report with the question: what is a company’s role in society? Their answer is that a company ‘only realizes its full potential when it embraces its role as a global citizen’. This raises two interesting points; the first is that the answer to the question ‘what is a company’s role in society?’ will be conditioned by normative assumptions about business/government relations in a firm’s country of incorporation. David DetomasiRead MoreTalent Management by Wipro3233 Words   |  13 PagesPower to manufacture hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders in 1975. In 1977, Wipro entered the information technology sector. Wipro Technologies Limited  is a giant information technology company, which has it’s headquarter in Bangalore, India. It is a global service provider delivering technology-driven business solutions that meet the strategic objectives of their clients. Wipro has delivers unmatched business value to customers through a combination of process excellence, quality frameworks and serviceRead MoreStrategic Management and Leadership25577 Words   |  103 Pagesdifferent access routes to kick-start your global career at the heart of Europe. Our aim is to provide the best quality education for the real world. We offer a wide range of courses and the contents are broad and closely match the major professions worldwide. Through our various programmes, students are encouraged to develop practical skills, team working, leadership, career development and potentials, which will enhance their future goals. Our Programmes are tailored made to suit the technologicallyRead MoreDiversity at Del oitte - Plans and Policies1397 Words   |  6 Pagesopportunity but also equality of outcome. Considering this differentiation referring to the equalities of opportunities implemented by companies, we can see that Deloitte have a liberal approach in their policies, as they have created different programmes to make possible a equal treatment within the company instead of creating discriminatory policies, and, as for the outcome aspect, we haven t been able to find information about what is Deloitte s policy in that matter. Gender and DiversityRead MoreStudy Guide for Mg20484258 Words   |  18 Pagesdocuments that include, for example, information on coursework submission. Information in this study guide is maintained by Dr. Maged Ali (maged.ali@brunel.ac.uk), Office EG306. Policy statements The Business School Student Handbook can be found on the Business School Blackboard Learn site (Academic Programme Office - APO). The Student Handbook is a useful source of information for all aspects of your studies, including policy, procedures, plagiarism, house style for assignments, group work

Role of Motivation in Project Management-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Critically discuss and Analyse the Role and importance of Motivation In Project Management. Answer: Introduction Motivation of the employees and project team members play a significant role in the success of the projects. This also helps the organizations to grow. Employee retention has become a challenging factor for the organizations (Ganta 2014). Globalization has increased the demand of the human resources, but at the same time employee motivation has become a catalyst for the improvement of employee performance and for the success of the projects. Leaders are said to motivate the employees and help to lead to project success. Motivated employees have seen to be high achievers. Motivation is considered to be an external or internal factor that stimulates energy and desire in individuals to constantly remain interested as well as committed to a role or job. There are motivational theories such as Maslows needs hierarchy and Herzbergs two factor theory that explains how individuals and project team members can be motivated (Ozguner and Ozguner 2014). Several leadership styles also help in mot ivating the employees. This report tries to find a solution for motivating Tom, who is an inexperience new employee and Harriet, who is an experienced project manager by using various motivation theories. This report shows the role played by various theoretical models of motivation in project management. It also discusses the role of leadership and communication process in motivation. This report discusses about various styles of leadership and shows which leadership style can motivate Tom and Harriet. Role of Motivation Motivation is considered to be a process by which people are stimulated to actions for accomplishing their goals. Motivated parties are needed to be induced for performing actions. Several desires of the people like desire for success, recognition, job satisfaction and money motivate them to perform better and achieve their goals (Dinibutun 2012). One of the main functions of organizations is to develop a sense of willingness amongst the staffs and employees so that they give their best performance for the organizational growth as well as their own benefits. In order to get motivated, an individual must feel the desire or need to achieve goals. This need or desire needs to be aroused through some actions. Motivation can be considered to be a psychological process or phenomenon (Reeve 2014). There are mainly two types of motivation: intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is developed when people find their work to be interesting and are satisfied with their work. Ext rinsic motivation needs external rewards that help the people to get motivated and perform better. Motivation plays a significant role in the success of projects and leads to organizational growth. Motivated employees perform better than the unmotivated employees. Project managers are responsible for motivating their project team members and employees. They apply different leadership styles and utilize power to influence their team (Drnyei and Ushioda 2013). Motivation can be enhanced by using participative style of leadership. Intrinsic motivation is considered to be highly beneficial as the team members are directly connected to the goal or cause of the project. Rewards do not play any role in intrinsic motivation. Projects are said to operate in a hybrid system. Project managers are expected to optimize motivation rather than maximizing it. They can directly influence motivation by giving feedback, offering rewards and allowing autonomy (Schunk and Zimmerman 2012). Project management has several stages, and different leadership styles and approaches are applied depending on the stage. Project managers must identify the type of approach that needs to be applied depending on which stage the project is currently present. In order to achieve project success, the project managers must be able to influence motivation in the team throughout all the stages of the project. Participation and engagement of the project team members play a major role in influencing motivation and in the success of the project. Clear communication during the initial stage of the project also helps in motivating the team members. Support from top management and clear scope of project also act as the key influencer of motivation. Poorly motivated project teams face difficulty in achieving the project goal and leads to failure of the project in most cases. Project managers are mainly responsible for harnessing initial motivation and maintaining the motivation throughout the project in order to get accomplishment (Dobre 2013). Project teams and organizations can achieve excellence through the process of motivation. Theoretical Models of Motivation The theoretical models of motivation can be utilized in an effective manner for motivating the project staffs. Some of the motivational theories are discussed below. 1) Maslows Hierarchy of Needs: According to this theory, people can get motivated once their needs are satisfied. Maslow divided the needs of the individuals into various levels. This theory says that the individuals move to next level after meeting the need of the present level (Lester 2013). The first level of needs is the physiological needs or basic needs like food and shelter. In the context of project management, the first level needs will be salary of the employees. The second level of needs is the safety needs like fair work practices, safe and healthy work environment. The third level of needs is the belongingness needs where project staffs expect to develop a friendly and cooperative relationship with the other team members. After meeting the first three levels of needs, project staffs try to meet the self esteem needs like respect, recognition and prestigious job titles (Jerome 2013). The last level of need is the self-actualization needs like workplace autonomy, challengi ng work and other achievement issues that will bring out the best in the project staffs. Figure 1: Maslows Hierarchy of Needs (Source: Lester 2013, p.16) In the given case study, Tom is a new graduate and does not have much work experience. He does not seem to be motivated towards achieving his goals. A feedback mechanism must be used to understand whether the needs and requirements of Tom are getting fulfilled or not. Tom must be provided with sufficient salary so that he feels motivated to achieve the next level of need (Lester 2013). Tom must be made to feel a part of the project team by encouraging him to participate in the decision making process. Challenging and innovative tasks must be assigned to Tom so that he develops interest in his work and does not waste his time in other activities (Jerome 2013). The incentive schemes and policies must be made clear to Tom so that he feels motivated to work and achieve targets. If Tom achieves a single level of need, then he will get motivated to move to another level in the hierarchy. In the given case study, Harriet is an experienced and well skilled project manager but is not giving m uch effort to carry out her work. One reason can be that she was not praised and given recognition for her previous efforts and achievements. Harriet can be offered new kinds of tasks and can be asked to participate in generating innovative ideas so that she is able to meet the self esteem and self-actualization needs. Tom needs to be motivated to achieve the first three levels of needs and Harriet must be motivated to achieve the last two levels of needs. 2) Herzbergs Theory: This theory discusses two such factors called motivation and hygiene factors. Hygiene factors can be considered to be the components of dissatisfaction (Ozguner and Ozguner 2014). Salary, job security and company policy can be considered to be the hygiene factors. Non-fulfilment of any of these needs will cause dissatisfaction among the employees and demotivate them (Yusoff, Kian and Idris 2013). Motivation factors are responsibility, recognition, promotion, advancement opportunity and growth. In order to motivate Tom and Harriet, the dissatisfaction factors must be eliminated and the motivation factors must be created. Challenging work and responsibility will be able to motivate Tom. The other team members must try to build good inter-personal relationship with Tom. The other hygiene factors must be fulfilled so that Tom does not feel disinterested in his work. The motivation factors that will be effective in case of Harriet are recognition, growth and status. H arriet must be given considerable recognition for her experience and skills. This will motivate Harriet to take interest in her work and she will be motivated to use her skills to help in the success of the project. Figure 2: Herzbergs Theory (Source: Yusoff, Kian and Idris 2013, p.19) 3) Vrooms Expectancy Theory: Expectancy theory deals around three main factors like valence, expectancy and instrumentality. According to this theory, people will give their efforts based on their perception of the probability of receiving desired outcomes (Yung Chou and Pearson 2012). The first stage of outcome is based on performance of the employees. The second stage of outcome is based on the external or extrinsic benefits that are given to the employees (HemaMalini and Washington 2014). The expectations of the employees are turned into motivation. This theory explains the importance of employee perception. It helps the project managers to get an insight into the needs and perception of the employees (Parijat and Bagga 2014). Expectancy theory can be used to understand the perceptions and concerns of Tom and Harriet. The concerns of Tom and Harriet must be addressed and time must be taken to understand the reason for their disinterest in work. Proper communication must be done to make them understand that they will be benefitted from the work they do. Tom must be assigned such works in which he is interested in and he must be told about the benefits of doing his job in an efficient manner. Harriet is an experienced project manner and she must be given recognition for motivation. She did not seem to be showing dedication towards her work may be because the organization was not being able to fulfil her expectation. Harriets concerns must be addressed and understood for fulfilling her expectations. If she understands that the work she is doing will lead her to success and help her achieve personal goals then she will get motivated to work. Motivated employees will play a significant role in the success of the project. Figure 3: Vrooms Expectancy Model (Source: Yung Chou and Pearson 2012, p.1171) 4) Reinforcement Theory: This theory states that behaviour of an individual is related to the consequences. It says that if a particular behaviour of an individual is followed by a positive outcome or consequence then it tends to take place again (Barto 2013). This theory does not concentrate on the internal feelings of an individual. It is more focused on the actions that are taken after a particular behaviour of an individual. Harriet must be praised for her specific achievements immediately. She must be rewarded for the positive actions that she takes and negative reinforcement must be applied because of her absenteeism. This will encourage her to repeat the positive actions and motivate her to contribute to the success of the project (Wei and Yazdanifard 2014). Tom must be encouraged to come to office early and must be immediately praised for showing positive behaviour. This will motivate Tom as well as Harriet to repeat their positive actions and behaviours and lead to the succe ss of project. Figure 4: Reinforcement Theory (Source: Barto 2013, p.19) 5) Scientific Management: This theory states that the efficiency of activities must be maximized and this can be achieved through subsequent analysis, recording and measurement. According to this theory, workers must be matched to their jobs and they must be trained before carrying out their work (Tadajewski and Jones 2012). This theory says that monetary rewards will play a major role in motivating the employees. Tom must be trained and his role must be based on his capabilities. This will help to motivate him. According to this theory, Harriet can be motivated through monetary rewards. Leadership and its Styles Leadership can be considered to be a process that helps an executive to direct, influence and guide the work and behaviour of the organizational people towards the achievement of goals that are specific depending on the situation (Alghazo and Al-Anazi 2016). Leadership is a capability and quality of influencing and inducing the subordinates and group of people to work with zeal and confidence. Leadership qualities can persuade others to achieve defined objectives in an enthusiastic manner. Leaders have a different charm and personality that help them to create a positive impact on the people and help them to succeed and grow in life (Buble, Juras, and Mati? 2014). Two broad categories of leaders are transformational and transactional leaders. Transactional leaders are task-oriented. They promote compliance with the organizational objectives and encourage performance through rewards (Chaudhry and Javed 2012). Transformational leaders focus on the motivation of the employees. These lea ders bring vision of the near future and create a proper plan for achieving the vision. These types of leaders try to enhance the capabilities of the employees. There are various leadership styles as discussed below: 1) Autocratic style: This style is followed by such leaders who prefer to give order and want everyone to follow their orders with obedience. They make the policies and plans on their own without taking the suggestion of others (Northouse 2015). They give orders without explaining the reason. They believe in dictatorship. They are only responsible for giving direction to the subordinates (Rast III, Hogg and Giessner 2013). They have an authoritarian nature. They do not believe in giving recognition to the employees and team members. Employees feel inferior and do not perform well under this kind of leadership style. 2) Democratic style: Leaders who follow this style is considered to be the best kind of leaders theoretically. They believe in asking their group for opinions. The leader does not believe in giving orders or dictating the group (Bhatti et al. 2012). Democratic leaders believe in taking suggestions from others. The group under this kind of leader is free to make decisions in a democratic manner. 3) Participative style: This style is followed by such leaders who encourage their team members and employees to participate in decision making processes. The participative leader considers the opinions of all the team members and takes the best decision by making use of this information (McCleskey 2014). Participative leaders always keep the group informed about the decision which they are going to make and give them the reason for taking such decisions. It has been seen that participative leadership has huge positive effect on the performance of the employees. Role of Leadership and Communication Process in Motivation Leadership has a significant impact on employee motivation. There is no particular leadership style that can be applied in every situation. The leadership style should match the objective of the team (Naile and Selesho 2014). Autocratic leadership style does not involve the employees in any decision making process. These kinds of leaders are less creative and like dictating. This kind of leadership plays an effective role when quick decisions are needed to be taken (Bhatti et al 2012). This kind of leadership style demotivates the employees and their performance level decreases. Employees get involved in repetitive tasks and lose their creativity. This style brings restriction in the workplace communication as well as socialization. Autocratic leadership style decreases the productivity of the project team. Democratic leadership promotes responsibility sharing in the organization (Buble, Juras and Mati? 2014). They do not make any decision without considering the opinions of the empl oyees. Democratic leadership style motivates the employees and helps to improve the productivity of the project team. This is creative method of solving complex issues. Participative leadership has proved to be unproductive in achieving short term targets and goals (Gonos and Gallo 2013). Here the employees are encourages to play a major role in the process of decision making. There is effective communication in the organization. This type of leadership style leads to motivated, more skilled and satisfied employees. It creates an optimistic work environment and promotes creativity. This is time consuming process and is highly effective in achieving long term goals. Autocratic leadership is effective in case of new and inexperienced employees. It has been seen in the case study that Tom is an inexperience new employee. Autocratic leadership style should be applied in order to motivate him to work (Buble, Juras and Mati? 2014). This will help to increase his productivity and help in the success of the project. Participative leadership should be applied in case of Harriet, who is an experienced project manager. She should be given the opportunity to make crucial decisions regarding the project and give innovative solutions. Participative leadership styles will be able to motivate Harriet and improve her skills and productivity (Alghazo and Al-Anazi 2016). Top performers of an organization are motivated through participative leadership style. Participative as well as transformational leadership styles are more likely to motivate employees and create a social atmosphere in the workplace. Participative leadership style will improve the process and ef fectiveness of communication in the organization. Effective communication will increase the level of motivation among the employees. Motivation and employee productivity are correlated. Conclusion This report concludes that highly motivated employees will give better performance and contribute in the success of the project. This report has used several motivation theories to find out the ways to motivate Tom and Harriet. It has discussed about the Maslows need of motivation, Herzbergs two-factor theory, reinforcement theory as well as scientific management theory. This report has also discussed about the autocratic, democratic as well as participative leadership styles. Participative leadership style is found out to be the most effective style and helps to motivate the employees. It can be concluded from this report that Tom can be motivated by using the autocratic leadership style as he is new and inexperience. Harriet is an experienced and well skilled employee, and participative leadership style will help to motivate her. This report also said that positive reinforcement can be used for encouraging positive behaviour and motivating the employees. Project can achieve success by eliminating the dissatisfaction factors and by maximizing the motivational factors in the organizations. Status, responsibility, recognition and promotion will be able to motivate the employees and the team members to perform better and this will lead to the success of the projects. This report gave an overview of how motivation can be developed and the role played by various leadership styles and communication process in the motivation process and also to achieve project success. Recommendations 1) Tom is a new graduate and has little work experience. He can be motivated by providing lucrative incentives and rewards for good performance. He must be encouraged to participate in effective business processes of the organization so that he finds interest in his work. He must be given challenging tasks so that he gains experience. 2) Harriet is an experienced project manager and she can be motivated through recognitions and personal growth. Harriet can be given more responsibilities so that she works hard. Participative leadership style should be applied for motivating Harriet. References Alghazo, A.M. and Al-Anazi, M., 2016. The Impact of Leadership Style on Employees Motivation.International Journal of Economics and Business Administration,2(5), pp.37-44. Barto, A.G., 2013. Intrinsic motivation and reinforcement learning. InIntrinsically motivated learning in natural and artificial systems(pp. 17-47). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Bhatti, N., Maitlo, G.M., Shaikh, N., Hashmi, M.A. and Shaikh, F.M., 2012. The impact of autocratic and democratic leadership style on job satisfaction.International Business Research,5(2), p.192. Buble, M., Juras, A. and Mati?, I., 2014. The relationship between managers leadership styles and motivation.Management: journal of contemporary management issues,19(1), pp.161-193. Chaudhry, A.Q. and Javed, H., 2012. Impact of transactional and laissez faire leadership style on motivation.International Journal of Business and Social Science,3(7). Dinibutun, S.R., 2012. Work motivation: Theoretical framework.GSTF Business Review (GBR),1(4), p.133. Dobre, O.I., 2013. Employee motivation and organizational performance.Review of Applied Socio-Economic Research,5(1), pp.53-60. Drnyei, Z. and Ushioda, E., 2013.Teaching and researching: Motivation. Routledge. Ganta, V.C., 2014. Motivation in the workplace to improve the employee performance.International Journal of Engineering Technology,2(6), pp.221-230. Gonos, J. and Gallo, P., 2013. Model for leadership style evaluation.Management: journal of contemporary management issues,18(2), pp.157-168. HemaMalini, P.H. and Washington, A., 2014. Employees' motivation and valued rewards as a key to effective QWL-from the perspective of expectancy theory.TSM Business Review,2(2), p.45. Jerome, N., 2013. Application of the Maslows hierarchy of need theory; impacts and implications on organizational culture, human resource and employees performance.International Journal of Business and Management Invention,2(3), pp.39-45. Lester, D., 2013. Measuring Maslow's hierarchy of needs.Psychological Reports,113(1), pp.15-17. McCleskey, J.A., 2014. Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development.Journal of Business Studies Quarterly,5(4), p.117. Naile, I. and Selesho, J.M., 2014. The role of leadership in employee motivation.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,5(3), p.175. Northouse, P.G., 2015.Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Ozguner, Z. and Ozguner, M., 2014. A managerial point of view on the relationship between of Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Herzberg's dual factor theory.International Journal of Business and Social Science,5(7). Parijat, P. and Bagga, S., 2014. Victor Vrooms expectancy theory of motivationAn evaluation.International Research Journal of Business and Management (IRJBM),7(9), pp.1-8. Rast III, D.E., Hogg, M.A. and Giessner, S.R., 2013. Self-uncertainty and support for autocratic leadership.Self and Identity,12(6), pp.635-649. Reeve, J., 2014.Understanding motivation and emotion. John Wiley Sons. Schunk, D.H. and Zimmerman, B.J. eds., 2012.Motivation and self-regulated learning: Theory, research, and applications. Routledge. Tadajewski, M. and Jones, D.B., 2012. Scientific marketing management and the emergence of the ethical marketing concept.Journal of Marketing Management,28(1-2), pp.37-61. Wei, L.T. and Yazdanifard, R., 2014. The impact of Positive Reinforcement on Employees' Performance in Organizations.American Journal of Industrial and Business Management,4(1), p.9. Yung Chou, S. and Pearson, J.M., 2012. Organizational citizenship behaviour in IT professionals: An expectancy theory approach.Management Research Review,35(12), pp.1170-1186. Yusoff, W.F.W., Kian, T.S. and Idris, M.T.M., 2013. Herzbergs Two Factors Theory On Work Motivation: Does Its Work For Todays Environment.Global journal of commerce and Management,2(5), pp.18-22.

Self Dignity and Common Good Profession of Accounting

Question: Discuss about theSelf Dignity and Common Good for Profession of Accounting. Answer: Introduction This article will emphasize on the professional field of accounting with the social factor of human dignity and common good. The role of social factors is directly related to all professions, particularly when the profession is directly related to the service of mankind and society. The impact of accountants in the society plays a vital role so far ethical presentation of financial statements with its analysis is concerned. As this profession is connected with the financial health of any organization and the subsequent declaration of the same, the role of accountant is vital to the stakeholders of the organization(Grimsley, 2016). Opinion The common opinion of the role of accountant is to ascertain the accuracy of the financial statements. Accounting highlights the financial health of any organization with its different elements to ascertain the financial performance of the company. It is the role of the accountant to present the reports which can depict the financial health of the organization in a common acceptable manner. Being the accountant, the person is not responsible for the organization where he is working(Mheducation, 2015). Moreover, his broader responsibility lies with the stakeholders of the company in various forms. The individual dignity of human being gives him the moral boost to perform in the area of professional field with esteem and perfection. As the profession of accountants is directly related to the stakeholders in the form of shareholders, creditors, society and government, this responsibility drives the accountants to be ethical and unbiased in his approach. Moreover the ethical bindings of the professional accountants make them responsible to the organization and the society. Hence the role of dignity can be found with its relevance in case of professional accountants. To consider the case of common good, the accountants are delivering their services to the organization where he or she is engaged in. Moreover his authenticated financial reports are serving the information to the stakeholders to understand the financial condition of the organization as well as society and government in br oader sense. The government can ensure its revenue through taxes from the reports generated and authenticated by accountants while society can feel the condition of the organizations in respect of its financial health. Hence the role of accountant is more important so far common good is concerned which is covering the society and the government along with mankind as a whole(Charteredaccountants, 2016). Editorial The profession of accounting is always demanding high level of dignity while the same is pursuing its performance towards the common good for the human kind. The accountants are normally renamed as the watch dog of the organization and thus they are liable to have a sincere and discrete look at the financial happenings of the organization(Ifac, 2013). It may happen that the management takes decision which can make stakeholders befooled along with the common good being disrupted. It is the duty of the accountant to focus and highlight such activities for the awareness of the stakeholders. The accountants are mainly creating the mirror through which the performance of the organization can be portrayed without any arbitrary images. To perform their duties, the accountant must possess self dignity which can make his place special in the organization. This position will create ambience in which his position will be respected with fear and this will make him a special personality in the organization(Icas, 2016). Conclusion The choice of profession as accountant can make individual proud with generation of high value of self esteem. This profession contributes to the common good of the people and the community though its perfect presentation of facts through figures which are gathered via information. As an intended accountant in future, the profession is to be respected and honored with its ethical value which can be instrumental to generate human dignity and the will power to serve the community with the objective of prioritizing common good. All the professions are good in capacity and style, but the roles of accountants are special as their reports have a wider range of impact in the society and for the stakeholders who are part of the community. Self dignity always places a person in special position in every aspect of life. In the case of accountants, self dignity proves to be vital as it gives enough self driving power with own esteem to perform the job as per the need of the stakeholders and the community, as a whole. Hence the profession of accounting is treated as the most valuable and important component of any organization so far its duties and deliverance is concerned. References: Charteredaccountants, 2016. Roles and responsibilities. [Online] Available at: https://www.charteredaccountants.com.au/Chartered-Accountants/Mentors/Roles-and-responsibilities [Accessed 24 October 2016]. Grimsley, S., 2016. How The Social Environment Affects Business: Examples Impact. [Online] Available at: https://study.com/academy/lesson/how-the-social-environment-affects-business.html [Accessed 26 October 2016]. Icas, 2016. Aussie accounting: Future proof or failure to launch. [Online] Available at: https://www.icas.com/ca-today-news/aussie-accounting-future-proof-or-failure-to-launch [Accessed 24 October 2016]. Ifac, 2013. Roles and Importance of Professional Accountants in Business. [Online] Available at: https://www.ifac.org/news-events/2013-10/roles-and-importance-professional-accountants-businessa [Accessed 24 October 2016]. Mheducation, 2015. Responsibilities for the Accounting Communication Process. [Online] Available at: https://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0073324833/student_view0/ebook/chapter1/chbody1/responsibilities_for_the_accounting_communication_process.html [Accessed 24 October 2016].

How to Write an Essay Sample Cover Letter

How to Write an Essay Sample Cover LetterThere are a number of different ways to write an essay sample cover letter. An essay sample cover letter should take a form and format similar to that used for an actual business letter. What I'm referring to is a letter that has no surprises when it comes to format.The letter should be sent via e-mail and the only real contact information should be the phone number or e-mail address listed on the envelope. One word of caution, don't send your letter to anyone who you wouldn't want to have to answer the same question several times in the future. This could make you look like a stalker.If you need to include a long telephone number, don't include it in the first paragraph. That's going to lead to questions about who you are calling. Also, please try not to use the same greeting every time you call. Everyone has a different greeting.The best way to turn an essay sample cover letter into a real business letter is to only ask for the phone number and use the address as the contact information. Make sure you contact the recipient either by e-mail or by phone. Tell them what the topic of the letter is and ask them if they would be willing to write you a short article based on your own experience.On a regular basis, your resume should contain examples of your work which should include a document describing your job history and any other information related to your job. These are the types of details that will help you make sure that you meet the requirements of the company.The last step is to get your essay sample cover letter to your potential employer. No matter how good your resume is, the company won't look at it if it isn't in front of them. It is important to find a contact that you know the recipient of the letter and are familiar with their name. You don't want to hire someone that you'll only hear from monthly or quarterly.Now that you know how to make an essay sample cover letter, go out and give it a try. Your future employer will thank you for it! Good luck!

Harrs A Civil Action Industrial Tort Law free essay sample

The real threat to big businesses of tort law and punitive damages. This paper uses the case discussed in Jonathon Harrs book `A Civil Action` to explain the system of Anglo/American tort law the workings and limitations of the system and the intended goals as opposed to real life actualities. It follows case facts and describes the outcome, while explaining all the ensuing legal factors. Also included is an account of the historical divergence of civil obligations and tort law. From the paper: `Harr?s book relates the story of a type of case that is all too sadly familiar: A large corporation (in this case actually two large corporations) contaminate the environment because it is cheaper dump solvents than to dispose of them legally. The reason that corporations are supposed to be restrained from such cheap but illegal dumping is the threat of either criminal charges being made or of civil litigation. We will write a custom essay sample on Harrs A Civil Action Industrial Tort Law or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In other words, corporations are supposed to behave themselves because if they don?t then they will get sued. But the important catch to this argument, as this book shows, is that corporations do not in fact have a great deal to fear from civil litigation. All too often, the person who wins civil litigation is the person (or corporation) who can continue to pay for a lawyer longer than the other side. The results of civil litigation have less to do with right and wrong than with whose pockets were the deepest to begin with.`

Hemingway as a catalyst essays

Hemingway as a catalyst essays Ernest Hemingway and his works are best described by Maxwell Geismar: His work as a whole has been a sort of literary catalyst which has affected the entire course of American writing, and like a catalyst it has remained untouched by and superior to all the imitations of it (Geismar).Ernest Hemingway was born in 1899 and committed suicide in 1961, after publishing over 21 novels and collections of short stories. His unique and persuasive themes in writing have been greatly appreciated, and the characters and plots of some of his writings are directly related to Hemingways life and personal matters. Ernest had a great deal of personal honor; he lived his life without regrets and was not ashamed of the things he did. He took his reality and worked it into his novels and stories, hoping and succeeding in teaching his readers things that he learned in life (Allen). Hemingway was known for incorporating himself into most of his stories whether he subconsciously talked about a character as if it were himself or talked about himself in the first person in the middle of his story. This characteristic of Hemingways writings made them standout; catching peoples attention much more than the conservative writers of his time. Hemingway was an excellent radical example of being an inimitable and personal writer; Such writers as Dashiell Hammett, James Cain, and the entire hard-boiled school of American novelists stem from Hemingways work. Among the new writers, there are talents as varied as Ira Wolfert, and Norman Mailer who show his influence (Geismar). Since Hemingway had such an interesting and eventful life, its no wonder he puts himself in most of his stories. The senseless slaughter that was WWI and his own near death helped form his distinctive style by endowing him with the true modernists distrust of abstract works such as honor and glory ( Beegel). It ...

Entitlement Progrms nd the hndicps tht go long with hving them Essay

Entitlement Progrms nd the hndicps tht go long with hving them - Essay Example Under wÐ °ivers to federÐ °l progrÐ °m rules, stÐ °tes begÐ °n imposing new requirements on recipients of sociÐ °l help. In 1996, Congress Ð °nd President Clinton scrÐ °pped the old federÐ °l entitlement progrÐ °m Ð °nd replÐ °ced it with the TÐ NF block grÐ °nt. With this lÐ °ndmÐ °rk end to entitlement cÐ °me Ð ° lifetime limit on the receipt of welfÐ °re benefits. Further, recipients fÐ °ce increÐ °singly strict requirements, such Ð °s mÐ °ndÐ °ted pÐ °rticipÐ °tion in work Ð °ctivities, Ð °s Ð ° condition of receiving Ð °id. NoncompliÐ °nce with these requirements cÐ °n leÐ °d to severe finÐ °nciÐ °l penÐ °lties, including terminÐ °tion of Ð °ssistÐ °nce. Ð ll these chÐ °nges mÐ °de welfÐ °re less Ð °ttrÐ °ctive to would-be recipients. Other policy chÐ °nges increÐ °sed the relÐ °tive Ð °ttrÐ °ctiveness of work compÐ °red to welfÐ °re. MÐ °ny stÐ °tes Ð °llowed fÐ °milies with jobs to keep more of their eÐ °rnings, mÐ °k ing it eÐ °sier to combine work Ð °nd welfÐ °re. Ð dditionÐ °l funds were mÐ °de Ð °vÐ °ilÐ °ble to reduce the cost of child cÐ °re. Ð nd the EITC progrÐ °m expÐ °nded considerÐ °bly, creÐ °ting Ð ° credit of up to $4,140 for Ð ° fÐ °mily with two children in 2002.

Economic Growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economic Growth - Essay Example Other countries like the US have been fortunate to have a series of good leaders to take the country to the apogee of technological advancement and economic growth where they are today. History provides many examples of such countries and their leaders that have played a fundamental role in their economic growth and have brought a radical change in the nations’ fortunes. The decade following the new millennium’s turn is marked by the BRICS countries’ emergence and economic empowerment. These countries include â€Å"Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa—which have come to account for a significant share of economic growth, demand expansion, industrial production and wealth creation in today’s world† (â€Å"Structural Change, Poverty† III). These regional economic powers’ success in the achievement of sustained growth of economy serves as a point of reference for other developing countries to emulate as wel l as for the advanced counrties to regain the dynamism of economy. The pace of a country’s economic growth can be better explained by the policy choices of its leaders than underlying structural conditions, and China provides a potential example of that. ... The three phases are discussed as follows: Rule taking phase China’s leaders have been very cautious in litigation of WTO since the country’s accession in 2006. Owing to its lack of familiarity with WTO’s legal rules in the capacity of a newcomer, China placed emphasis upon grabbing the rules rather than winning any disputes. Aimed at avoiding litigation, the Chinese leaders would settle the disputes with the complainants immediately after the cases were filed even if they were capable of using good arguments to defend their position. An example of this is the settlement of the dispute within four months when in March 2004, the US wanted to consult about a matter involving value-added tax’s rebate over integrated circuits (Gao). Likewise, the government of China announced to scrap the Duties of Anti-dumping within three days of the complaint raised by the US about China’s lack of consistence with the Anti-dumping Agreement in the case of Kraft Liner board in the year 2005 (Nakagawa 48). China’s eagerness to settle the disputes and flexibility of attitude reflect the country’s presence in the rule taking phase in the start of the 21st century. Rule shaking phase Chinese leaders resolved to develop a better understanding of the dispute settlement process by actively participating as a third party in real WTO cases. For instance, China was present as a third party in nearly every panel between 2003 and 2006 (Birkbeck 168). The improved confidence reflects from the answer of Bo Xilai, the Minister of MOFCOM when he was asked if there was any intention of complaining against the countries that were limiting the textile exports of China in the WTO, â€Å"First, China has the right to

Organizational Culture and Decision Making

Organizational Culture and Decision Making Introduction. Decision making is an important part to operator a company successfully, in the same time the organizational culture also can influence the company somehow, and the organizational culture can been considered as the centre theme of the whole company because of it describe and explain what the company is and what the company need to do. Decision making also can be influenced by the organizational culture. The concept of organizational culture To define organizational culture, people should understand what culture means in a society. In a broad sense, culture is the summation of spiritual values and material values which was recognized and formed in the historical activities of the society.In a narrow sense, culture is the ideology and the organization, rules which matched with it. But the organizational culture is different from the culture in traditional meaning, and it is the result of effect from serval elements such as the awareness, character, habit of the member in the organization and their scientific and cultural level(See Schien,1985).Organizational culture is the beliefs and values that are shared. As such, the culture prescribe what is true, and describe and, therefore, the goals one ought to pursue and how one should go about pursuing them.(Beyer,1981) And the organizational culture is based on the organization, and forming with the organization or dying with the organization, it exist no matter it has been pr esented.(Nystrom W. H. Starbuck) As a kind of culture which formed in a organization, organizational culture can be influenced by the managers, and that is why the organizational culture is a part of management. It is based on the organizational values, (Wikipedia, Organizational culture, 2010) and the organizational values is ruled and controlled by the manager-CEO(Chief Executive Officer). In the other words, the organizational culture is created by the CEO. There are several types of organizational culture, and they can be classified by several methods. According to Geert Hofstedes research on IBMs employees in different parts of the world. He identified four dimensions of culture. 1.Power distance 2.Uncertainty avoidance 3.Individualism vs. Collectivism 4.Masculinity vs. Femininity.(Hofstede G. 1980). On the other hand, there are some elements of organizational culture People and empowerment focused Value creation through innovation and change Attention to the basics, hands-on management, Doing the right thing, Freedom to grow and to fail, Commitment and personal responsibility, Emphasis on the future. (Wikipedia,Organizational culture, 2010) All of these elements are important in the forming process of organizational culture, and they can not be copied so each organizational culture is unique and an organizational culture is improving all the time The effect of organizational culture on decision making Since the definition of organizational culture has been gave, it has become more easy to analysis the relationship between organizational culture and decision making. There is no doubt that the decisions were made by the empolyee in the organization, according to the definition of organizational culture, the organizational culture influence the member.Organizational culture can be divided into strong organizational cultures and weak organizational cultures. A strong organizational culture means the organizational culture can influence the organization more deeply than weak organizational culture. Whether organizational culture is strong or weak can be relate to the original culture, the scale of the organization, the liquidity of employees and the employee. As a result, a strong culture can decide how the staffs who have a unitive attitude respond to the stimulus, on the other hand,with a weak culture of the organization, staffs have different attitudes and responds. That means a same decision can make different effects in two organization if the organizational cultures are differentin the organization with a strong culture, the decision would be accepted easily,and in the organization with a weak culture, the staffs may doubt the decision and that make the decision implement hard. (CambellNash,1992) So, the organizational culture influences decisions by its members and the way in which it influences its members acceptance or rejection of the decision. That means when the manager making decision, he or she must consider more thing to ensure the decision can work out efficient. As a organization, especially a organization with a strong organizational culture, organizational culture can limit the managers choices to make decision to manage his or her management function. Because the organizational culture establish the regulations about what people should do or should not do. Although the regulations are not write down, even not explicit or people do not talk about, they are exist and influence people all the time. The first hypothesis is that different groups can be demonstrated to have different degrees of culture fragmentation, and that this will either reflect or be reflected in their general well-being and success in pursuit of their goals.(Lee Roy Beach 1998) Decision making in organizations is accomplished by application of both the compatibility test and the profitability test, in precisely the same way as for individual decision makers.(Lee Roy Beach, 1998) This is because the organizational culture, vision, and strategic plans are possessed by its members; there is no organizational mind that retains there images and makes decisions(Beach, 1990) There are many commons in individual decision making between organizational decision making. All of the two type of decision maker must consider about environment, the whole plan of the business, and the danger. But decision making in an organization can be more difficult, because the decision can bring changes, and members of this organization may have resist or welcome two completely different attitude. In turn to conservative, nostalgia, maintain organization, people always based on past the criterion for judging now decisions, always worried in change will lose what will occur, thus to dou bt and fear and changes of psychology and behavior; organ-tissues Conversely, in a pioneering, innovation atmosphere organization, people always with the development the judgement to analysis and decision of rationality, always hope in May produce change, so eager to get what changes, welcome change, support changes. Obviously, welcome change of organizational culture conducive to the implementation of the new decision, and resist change of organizational culture may give any new decision-making implementation disastrous effects. In the latter case, in order to effectively implement the new decision through a lot of work, must first change organization member attitudes, establishing a conducive to change of organizational culture. How an organizational culture enhance a company The organizational culture is core of a organization. For example, the worlds first brand-Coca-Cola Company. Its boss said: Even today all of my factory all destroyed, tomorrow I also can easily built a new one Coca-Cola. That is because the Coca-Colas organizational culture give him the confidence. The general organizational culture is creative and focus on customer. All the decision making processes must focus on these two points. In China, Coca-Cola set up its brands such as Allen su and Qoo to pander to Chinese customer, even Coca-Cola has become the leader of the drink, but they still not give up creating. In 1995 German, the management of Coca-Cola decided to set up a new subsidiary corporation to produce a kind of new drink-koke light and diet koke. That was a result of the organizational culture influence,and the koke light has become the third drink brand in the world. Another example of Coca-Cola organizational culture is the found of Fanta. In World War II, a Coca-Cola fac tory in German insisted produced coke during the war, even the headquarter of Coca-Cola did not know they were still working. But because the shortage of raw materials, they decided to use other materials to produce another orange soda drink, and what make them surprise is the drink achieved a great success and earned a number of profits. This decision made Coca-Cola reborn in European, principals use of these funds, and assisted other European territory Coca-Cola drink plant rebuilding operation, for Coca-Cola postwar market solid foundation. While Fanta was also corporation acceptance, in the 1950s officially launched. (Wikipedia, Fanta, 2010) That is why the organizational culture makes Coca-Cola become the first drink brand whose share of market is 48% in the world. How the organizational culture can save a company Organizational culture not only can make Coca-Cola maintain its overlordship in the market but also can save a small company from the predicament of going bankrupt. In 1980s, Haier is a company which only had a little factory and a backward product line, even worse the small company had debt of over ÃÆ' ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ¥1.4 million. The Zhang Ruimin took over the company and pushed new management methods, put the attention on creativity. After years hard working, Zhang managed to create a new organizational culture, it made Haier refleash on the stage. As a result of focus on creativity, Haier produced more than 200 types including 13 areas. Now, Haier build more than 29 factory and 8 research centre. In 2008,Haier was appraised as the first brand of Chinese consumer electronics industry. Haier brand topped the top two consecutive years, reflect the Haiers international influence. (Jeannie Jinsheng Yi,Shawn Xian Ye, 2003) How can the organizational culture undermine decisionmaking On the other hand, an organizational culture not only can benefits a lot for a organization but also destroy an organization. Motorola, one of three world communication leaders, it can be recognized as the origin of the mobile phone and telecommunication. Almost all the modern communication technologies can refer to the contributions of Motorola, and Motorola had the largest share of market. But in recent years, the sale performance of Motorola keeps dropping, and the lack of creative lead to the product is repetitive and no advantage when compared with other same kind of products from other company. In an interview of Business Weekly, the CEO of Motorola-Greg Brow summarized the reasons. He said;Among the departments of lack of a free flowing communication. We need to quickly and no filtering the level of free flow of information flow, rather than information is divided into different levels. We should be in technology and products trends as soon as possible to face reality.Successf ul enterprise could hear sounds from both within and outside the enterprise. They are not only depending on technical level, level or search process, but different opinions, and seeking and user most close to the practical needs. They zhongsheng in observing the whole to the developing tendency of the market continuously, and examine the enterprise internal execution and resilience.(Business Weekly ,2009) From the interview, it is not hard to see the organizational culture made the negative effect on the decision making which lead Motrorla went downhill. The overconfidence and wrong forces on the requirement of customer results the share of market decreased from 100% to 4% in 1995 ,and in 1998, the Nokia announced they has become the biggest electric communication company in the world. The three examples of how the organizational culture affect on the decision making, all showed the organizational culture plays an important role in decision making. The managers should adjust the decision to blend in the organizational culture or make decision according to the organizational culture, only this way can make the decision work out more successfully and efficiently. Conclusion In this essay, it is not hard to understand the organizational culture is so important that it can influence the development of the company in the future. An organizational culture can be strong or weak, a weak organizational culture makes the cohesive force low in enterprises, and a strong organizational culture makes more influence than a weak organizational culture, but that does not mean the organizational culture is more stronger is better.The organizational culture affects the decision making in two ways, one way is the organizational culture influences the atmosphere in the organization or encourage the staffs and direct them how to achieve the goals. Another way is to establish the regulations, it may make employees act more carefully in the organization, but it also limits the vision of employees to make right decision.